In the standard model of cosmology, the universe is described by a Robertson-Walker spacetime, while its matter/energy content is modeled by a perfect fluid with three components corresponding to matter/dust, radiation and a cosmological constant. U |\\ll 1$$ |\u03bd|\u226a1 ), which mimics quintessence. The Lambda CDM-model in quantum field theory on curved spacetime and Dark Radiation. The Lambda CDM Model in Quantum Field Theory on Curved Spacetime and Dark: Radiation. The, so-called, ‘running vacuum models’ (RVM’s) are characterized by the vacuum energy density, $$\rho _(H)$$ \u03c1vac(H) is dominated by the additive constant term accompanied by a mild dynamical component $$\\sim Spacetime in Semiclassical Gravity, in 100 Years of Relativity. A plethora of phenomenological works have shown that this option can be highly competitive with the $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM with a rigid cosmological term. But 4-dimensional spacetime is curved by gravity. Here we stick to the $$\Lambda $$ Λ -term, but we contend that it can be a ‘running quantity’ in quantum field theory (QFT) in curved space time. Abstract: Quantum field theory on curved spacetime (QFT-CST) is the framework within which our current theories about quantum effects around black holes are. According to the lambda CDM model our 3-dimensional universe is infinite and flat. Even though the model is not free of fundamental problems, they have not been circumvented by any alternative dark energy proposal either. So for the time being Occams Razor favors the simple standard model over any and all alternatives. It is much simpler and therefore much better until it contradicts data in a way that really truly cannot be explained by it. The $$\Lambda $$ Λ -term in Einstein’s equations is a fundamental building block of the ‘concordance’ $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM model of cosmology. Compare that to the standard Lambda CDM lagrangian which would go something like this.
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